KMK/JŻ IDE

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-	<pre>	+	{{grafr|kmkjzkomplet.jpg}}
-	Date: 28 Dec 1995 15:20:18 -0500	+
-	From: CONRADUS@plearn.edu.pl (KMK)	+
-	A message to Operating Systems/Disk Operating Systems developers.	+	Interfejs IDE, znany także jako "KMK/JŻ". Opracowany w roku 1995 przez [[Jacek Żuk|Jacka Żuka]] (hardware) oraz [[KMK]] (software) interfejs równoległy przeznaczony do podłączania napędów IDE/AT-BUS do komputerów serii [[XE]].
-	Dear developer!	+	Klonem tego interfejsu jest [[IDEa]]. Natomiast nowszą wersją, jaka pojawiła się w roku 2011, jest [[IDE Plus]].
-	We are pleased to present you a preliminary document about our	+	==Informacje ogólne==
-	IDE hard drive interface for Atari 130XE (and compatible)	+
-	computers. As existing Disk Operating Systems aren't able to use	+
-	all the capabilities we provided, we are kindly asking you to	+
-	upgrade the latest versions of your work and implement the	+
-	specific IDE features, those have been described below. The four	+
-	general problems we found trying to use any of the existing	+
-	DOSes, are as follows:	+
-	1) All DOSes we tested, i.e. SpartaDOS 3.2g, SpartaDOS X 4.20,	+	Interfejs wykorzystuje istniejący w systemie operacyjnym mechanizm tzw. [[nowe urządzenia|nowych urządzeń]]. W związku z tym zastosowanie interfejsu nie wymaga w żaden sposób ingerencji w kod systemu operacyjnego.
-	MyDOS 4.53 and BWDOS 1.10, when they have been executed, seem to	+
-	force the DUNIT (301) value to 1. Such action is not	+
-	necessary, because the DUNIT is already set by the XL OS's RESET	+
-	routines, and is obnoxious, because, as a result, the DOS is	+
-	unable to read its config files, when the system has been started	+
-	from a partition other, than D1:.	+
-	2) All the DOSes we tested are unable to read/write 512-byte	+
-	sectors, so they are unable to work in the IDE native mode (see	+
-	below). The interface provides the emulation mode to handle 256-	+
-	byte sector operations, but, as a result, the drive is unable to	+
-	reach its full speed. Especially any writes to the hard drive are	+
-	very slow. The implementation of the 512 byte allocation units	+
-	may also be profitable in the future, if we decide to add support	+
-	for DMA transfers.	+
-	3) All the DOSes we tested are unable to handle big partitions	+
-	(i.e. over 16 MB limit). The implementation of the 512 byte	+
-	allocation units may solve this problem in a part (the limit	+
-	would be 32 MB per partition then), but, if you decide to	+
-	implement big partitions handling, we advise you to consider	+
-	about using the 23-bit sector addressing in conjuntion with the	+
-	larger allocation units (see below for details).	+
-	4) All the DOSes we tested are unable to handle disks D10-D15.	+
-	Operating Systems developers please note, that there is no	+	Wewnętrzne oprogramowanie interfejsu pozwala na zaadresowanie dysków o pojemności do 8 GB (16777216 sektorów po 512 bajtów). Dysk można podzielić na 16 partycji o łącznej pojemności 8 GB (może to być 1 partycja o rozmiarze 8 GB). Jednak, ponieważ większość DOS-ów (oprócz [[SpartaDOS X]] 4.39) normalnie nie pracuje z sektorem o wielkości 512 bajtów, sterownik interfejsu ma dwa tryby pracy:
-	necessity to set the DUNIT value in the OS BOOT routine, as the	+
-	DUNIT is already set by previous RESET routines.	+
-	We hope, that you will take these problems into consideration,	+	* tryb "rzeczywisty", w którym transmitowane są sektory 512-bajtowe
-	decide to support the features described below and don't hesitate	+	* tryb "emulacji", w którym 1 sektor 512-bajtowy wykorzystywany jest do zapisania dwóch sektorów 256-bajtowych
-	to send us your comments, if any.	+
-	Regards	+	W trybie rzeczywistym szybkość odczytu i zapisu waha się w granicach od 50 do 80 kilobajtów na sekundę. Wahania te zależą od rodzaju zastosowanego napędu, a także od kolejności odczytu sektorów - sekwencyjny odczyt kolejnych sektorów jest tu najszybszy. Tryb ten jest możliwy do wykorzystania pod [[SpartaDOS X]] v.4.39 i nowszymi.
-	Konrad Kokoszkiewicz	+	Tryb emulacji charakteryzuje się ok. dwukrotnie mniejszą szybkością odczytu niż tryb rzeczywisty oraz czterokrotnie mniejszą szybkością zapisu. To ostatnie wynika z faktu, że dwa sektory 256-bajtowe zapisywane są w jednym sektorze 512-bajtowym. Wyniki testu szybkości przeprowadzonego programem [http://drac030.krap.pl/rwtest.arc RW-Test] działającym pod [[SpartaDOS X]], tryb emulacji:
-	E-mail: conradus@plearn.edu.pl	+
-	S-mail: ul. Tomaszowska 95/37	+
-	PL-26-420 Nowe Miasto nad Pilica	+
-	POLAND	+
-	***	+	* DOS writing: 8713.666 B/sek.
		+	* DOS reading: 36714.887 B/sek.
		+	* DOS average: 22714.276 B/sek.
-	IDE Hard Drive Interface v.1.0 - a preliminary document	+	Co ciekawe, szybkość zapisu bardzo zależy od zastosowanego napędu. Np. na dysku Toshiba MK2103MAV pomiarowa szybkość zapisu (pod tym samym DOS-em) to 12 kB/s, a karty CF są jeszcze nieco szybsze. Poniżej wyniki testu przykładowej karty CF (Kingston 256MB):
-	Copyright (c) 1995-1996 by Jacek Zuk and Konrad Kokoszkiewicz	+	* DOS writing: 14269.1046 B/sek.
		+	* DOS reading: 41892.6276 B/sek.
		+	* DOS average: 28080.8661 B/sek.
-	Made in Poland	+	Od wersji sterownika 1.8 tryb emulacji podzielony jest na "podtryby":
-	***	+	* pierwotny, emulujący gęstość [[DD]] (256 bajtów na sektor)
		+	* nowy, emulujący gęstość [[ED]] (128 bajtów na sektor).
-	The IDE package contains:	+	Przełączenie następuje automatycznie. Ta zmiana została wprowadzona celem poprawienia kompatybilności z programami całodyskowymi i uruchamiania ich z przeznaczonej do tego partycji.
-	1) the IDE interface	+	Oprogramowanie interfejsu pozwala na start systemu z dowolnej partycji, co jest teoretycznie niemożliwe w [[XL OS]]. Sterownik interfejsu ucieka się w związku z tym do pewnego triku, który zapobiega przestawieniu numeru dysku startowego na D1:.
-	2) a power supply	+
-	3) a cable to connect the interface with a drive	+
-	4) utilities disk with MyDOS 4.53	+
-	5) this document	+
-	Index rerum	+	[[Grafika:kmkjzzob.jpg]]
		+	[[Grafika:kmkjzbezob.jpg]]
-	I. Introduction	+	Interfejs niestety nie jest przelotowy - aczkolwiek na płytce jest miejsce przeznaczone na wlutowanie [[gniazdo cartridge'a|gniazda cardridge'a]].
-	II. Capabilities overview	+
-	III. How to make it work (step by step)	+
-	IV. Keystrokes	+
-	V. Write-protection feature	+
-	VI. Executing non-DOS software	+
-	VII. Dual drive configuration	+
-	VIII. Software development information	+
-	IX. Memory usage	+
-	X. Error messages	+
-	I. Introduction	+	==Lista dysków==
-	Seven years ago, when I first heard about hard drives for the	+	Interfejs współpracuje ze wszystkimi znanymi (autorom) modelami twardych dysków oraz z kartami CF. Oto lista twardych dysków i kart CF, które działają z całą pewnością:
-	Atari 8-bit, a 20 MB SCSI device's price was over 600 USD and, of	+
-	course, was out of reach for people in a country on the wrong	+
-	side of the Iron Courtain, where wages were about 20 USD per	+
-	month. The 1050 floppy drive was a dream - what would I say about	+
-	the hard one...?	+
-	Over the next six years many things have been changed. Among	+	===Conner Peripherals===
-	others, the Iron Courtain got rusty, we have started earning more	+
-	money, got some new Atari computers and, simultaneously, the	+
-	prices of hard drives have gone down dramatically... and one day	+
-	I realised, that it is possible to obtain an IDE hard drive for	+
-	the beloved 8-bit Atari with very reasonable price! But there	+
-	still was no documentation and the only one, that I knew, was a	+
-	theory about writing 'new device' handlers for the XL operating	+
-	system...	+
-	The most important thing on my "way to the hard drive" has	+	* Conner CP-3000: 40 MB, 3,5 cala
-	happened, when a friend of mine has found a "Technical Reference	+	* Conner CP-2088: 80 MB, 2,5 cala
-	Manual" for a Caviar WDAC2200. I read this paper very carefully,	+	* Conner CP-30254H: 240 MB, 3,5 cala
-	then went to Jack - a person, who looks to know everything about	+	* Conner CFS-1621A: 1,5 GB, 3,5 cala
-	wires and other strange gadgets, those have been fixed inside and	+
-	seem to make it work. About a week later Jack said, that there	+
-	was no objections (contraindications, as we used to say) to build	+
-	an interface - so the project started.	+
-	The last year we spent thinking, talking, building the hardware	+	===Fujitsu===
-	(Jack), writing the software (me), testing, fixing bugs, catching	+
-	incompatibilities, and learning, learning, learning. We have	+
-	discovered a lot of strange things about Ataris and IDE hard	+
-	drives (some of them have been mentioned below). Finally, we are	+
-	pleased to present you our results - we tried to make them as	+
-	professional, as it have been allowed by the limited (2k) ROM	+
-	space, not very "elastic" operating system and not very great	+
-	processing power of the Atari 8-bit computer. I hope you will	+
-	agree, that we did a good job.	+
-	II. Capabilities overview	+	* Fujitsu MPC 3043AT: 4,3GB, 3,5 cala
-	The Interface's internal software provides two modes: native and	+	===Hitachi===
-	emulation. The native mode uses a 512 byte physical block as a	+
-	logical data sector, the emulation mode uses the physical block	+
-	to store two 256 byte logical data sectors. ALL existing DOSes	+
-	require the emulation mode to work properly.	+
-	Maximum drive capacity: 8388607 physical blocks on each device.	+	* Hitachi DK238A-43: 4,3 GB, 2,5 cala
-	Maximum number of partitions: 15	+
-	Maximum capacity of a partition: 8388607 logical sectors	+
-	Logical sector length: 256 or 512 bytes (larger blocks will be	+
-	implemented in the future)	+
-	Average speed: 58 kilobytes per second (native mode, R/W)	+
-	32 kilobytes per second (emulation mode, reading)	+
-	7 kilobytes per second (emulation mode, writing)	+
-	Booting from any partition	+
-	Write protection capability	+
-	8 jumpers to set the device number for the operating system	+
-	Note, that ALL existing DOSes limit the partition size to 16 MB.	+	===IBM===
-	III. How to make it work (step by step)	+	* IBM DBOA 2540: 517 MB, 2,5 cala
-	1) Make sure, that the power on your computer is turned off.	+	===Kingston===
-	2) Insert the interface to the connector at the back side of the	+
-	computer.	+
-	3) Connect the interface and a 3,5" IDE drive with the cable.	+
-	Caution: You may damage the drive if the interface cable is not	+
-	connected properly. Make sure, that pin 1 on the cable (red line)	+
-	is connected to pin 1 on the drive and on the interface (red	+
-	dot).	+
-	4) Connect the power supply and the drive.	+
-	5) Insert the utilities disk into drive 1.	+
-	6) Turn on the power on the hard drive and on the computer	+
-	holding down the SHIFT key. Make sure, if the drive is spinning	+
-	up properly. If not, turn the power off, check the connections	+
-	and try again. Note, that some very old drives need A LOT of	+
-	power, so our power supply may not be sufficient.	+
-	7) Be patient - the Interface waits some seconds when the drive	+
-	is spinning up.	+
-	8) When the MyDOS is ready to use, execute the FDISK.COM file.	+
-	9) A menu should appear. If you see a message like "Device not	+
-	found" instead, please turn the power off, check the connection	+
-	between the interface and the computer, then try again. Check the	+
-	jumper position.	+
-	10) Select the "Surface test" from the main menu. Your drive will	+
-	be tested for bad sectors. If the test finishes without any	+
-	message, the drive is in good condition - no bad sectors have	+
-	been found.	+
-	11) Select the "Partitioning" from the main menu. "Total" will	+
-	indicate you total amount of 512 byte sectors, that have been	+
-	found on the drive, "Remain" - total amount of sectors, that	+
-	haven't been allocated yet, "Specs" will show a number of	+
-	cylinders, heads and sectors per track.	+
-	12) Use arrows to select a drive you want to be a partition.	+
-	13) Press the RETURN key and type in a number of sectors, that	+
-	you want to be allocated to the partition. Note, that it is a	+
-	number of real, 512 byte sectors, so if you specify 32767, the	+
-	DOS partition will have 65534 logical, 256-byte sectors.	+
-	14) Press RETURN to confirm the number of sectors or press ESC	+
-	key to cancel.	+
-	15) If you want to have more partitions, repeat the last three	+
-	steps as many as you want.	+
-	16) Press the TAB key and select a partition, that you want to be	+
-	the BOOT partition. If you are the SpartaDOS X user and you want	+
-	to have the CONFIG.SYS on the hard drive, the BOOT partition must	+
-	be D1:, so you should change the physical number of your floppy	+
-	drive to D2: or another.	+
-	17) Press RETURN key to set the BOOT partition.	+
-	18) Press the TAB key to move the cursor to the menu at the	+
-	bottom right corner of the screen.	+
-	19) Select the "Opts" option.	+
-	20) Select the boot type according to your system configuration:	+
-	- "control", if you want to boot up MyDOS (or another DOS) from	+
-	other partition than D1: The interface will take full control	+
-	over the boot process.	+
-	- "pass", if you want to boot up MyDOS (or another DOS) from D1:	+
-	The interface will pass the control over the boot process to the	+
-	operating system. Select this option, if you have any troubles	+
-	with the "controlled" boot up - the interface, taking the control	+
-	over the boot process, uses some hints that may not work with	+
-	some DOSes, cartridges or upgraded (customized) operating	+
-	systems. You MUST select this option, if you are the SpartaDOS X	+
-	user.	+
-	21) Press ESC to exit the "Options" menu	+
-	22) Select the "Write" option to write the new partition table to	+
-	the drive.	+
-	23) Press ESC to return to the main menu	+
-	24) Select the "Soft format" option from the menu. The FDISK will	+
-	attempt to build new directories on the attached partitions.	+
-	Note, that the SpartaDOS 3.2 does not provide such action - to do	+
-	it, you must use a separated formatter, as the P_FORMAT.COM.	+
-	25) Exit the FDISK.	+
-	26) Write the DOS file(s) to the BOOT partition. If you are the	+
-	MyDOS user, select the "H" option from the DUP menu. If you are	+
-	the SpartaDOS 3.2 user, copy the DOS to the BOOT partition and	+
-	use the BOOT command to make the disk bootable.	+
-	27) Press SELECT/RESET to cause the cold boot. The DOS will load	+
-	itself from the drive - the installation process is completed.	+
-	Some IDE drives used to clear the BUSY and assert the READY bits	+	* Kingston 256 MB (CF Orange Label): TOSHIBATHNCF256MPG
-	in their internal status registers *before* the spin-up process	+	* Kingston 512 MB (CF Elite Pro Blue Label): SAMSUNG512-S 3.3V
-	is finished - the drive looks to be ready, but isn't ready in	+
-	fact and cannot execute any commands (very strange, by the	+
-	way...). To prevent such troubles during power up, the internal	+
-	software waits about 5 seconds before taking any action with the	+
-	IDE controller. This delay is not necessary during the cold boot,	+
-	that has been caused by pressing SELECT/RESET or via OS entry	+
-	RESETCD (477). In such case the internal software uses a fast	+
-	initialization method. However, if you turn the power switch off	+
-	and on very quickly, the initial routines may not recognize this	+
-	boot process as a real power up. As a result, the boot process	+
-	will crash. To prevent such problems, after turning the power	+
-	off, you should always wait 10-15 seconds before turning it on	+
-	again. This time should be sufficient to invalidate internal	+
-	flags, that have been located in RAM.	+
-	IV. Keystrokes	+	===Maxtor===
-	SHIFT/RESET disables the drive. The drive will remain spinning,	+	* Maxtor 7245AT: 240 MB, 3,5 cala
-	but the partitions will not respond to operating system requests	+	* Maxtor 7345AT: 340 MB, 3,5 cala
-	(error 138). To enable it again just press the RESET key.	+	* Maxtor 91366U4: 13 GB, 3,5 cala
-	SELECT/RESET forces the cold boot.	+	* Maxtor 6YL080L0: 81 GB, 3,5 cala
		+	* Maxtor 6YL120L0: 122 GB, 3,5 cala
-	V. Write-protection feature	+	===Quantum===
-	The IDE hard drive interface provides the write-protection	+	* Quantum LPS170A: 163 MB, 3,5 cala
-	feature to minimize a risk of accidental data damage caused by	+	* Quantum Fireball 1080AT: 1 GB, 3,5 cala
-	viruses, damaged software or children. When a partition is	+	* Quantum Fireball 1280AT: 1,3 GB, 3,5 cala
-	locked, there's NO POSSIBILITY to write data to this partition or	+	* Quantum Fireball EL: 4,9 GB, 3,5 cala
-	unlock it by asserting commands, causing a cold boot or turning	+
-	the power off and on. Damaging a write-protected partition by	+
-	writing accidental data to random memory locations is also	+
-	*practically* impossible - the risk is very small.	+
-	VI. Executing non-DOS software with the hard drive	+	===Samsung===
-	Some software, especially games and demos, have their own disk	+	* Samsung SV0643D: 6 GB, 3,5 cala
-	formats and cannot be copied to a partition. However, the IDE	+
-	software provides limited capabilities to execute such programs.	+
-	If you selected the "controlled" hard drive boot when	+	===Seagate===
-	partitioning the drive and your BOOT partition is not the D1:,	+
-	you may run the non-DOS disk from the floppy drive. To do it,	+
-	insert the disk into the floppy disk drive then press SELECT and	+
-	RESET keys holding down the SHIFT key. The internal software of	+
-	the IDE Interface will pass its initialization routines and your	+
-	computer will boot up from the floppy. The hard drive will be	+
-	"invisible" for the system.	+
-	If you want to execute such software from the hard drive, you	+	* Seagate ST-157A: 40 MB, 3,5 cala
-	must provide a small partition to use it in such manner. Though	+	* Seagate ST-1102A: 81 MB, 3,5 cala
-	the D10-D15 partitions are invisible for existing operating	+	* Seagate ST-9190AG: 164 MB, 2,5 cala
-	systems and cannot be accessed by DOS, they may be booted as	+	* Seagate ST-3290A: 261 MB, 3,5 cala
-	well. When you are partitioning your drive, create a small (up to	+	* Seagate ST-3660A: 540 MB, 3,5 cala
-	520 physical blocks) disk, for example D10:. When you complete	+	* Seagate ST-3630A: 631 MB, 3,5 cala
-	the installation and make the drive work, execute the FHCOPY.COM	+	* Seagate ST-3850A: 810 MB, 3,5 cala
-	file from the utilities disk, then copy your floppy to the D10:.	+	* Seagate ST-31276A: 1,2 GB, 3,5 cala
-	Now execute the FDISK, select the "Partitioning" option from the	+	* Seagate ST-32122A: 2 GB, 3,5 cala
-	main menu, then press the TAB key twice to move the cursor to the	+	* Seagate ST-33232A: 3 GB, 3,5 cala
-	menu at the bottom right corner of the screen. Select the "Opts"	+	* Seagate ST-340016A: 40 GB, 3,5 cala
-	option, then set the "Drive redirection" to D10:. If the	+
-	"controlled" boot-up has been selected, you must change it now to	+
-	the "pass" mode. Write new partition table, exit the FDISK and	+
-	reboot the system - the non-DOS program will load itself from the	+
-	hard drive. To return to the previous configuration, insert the	+
-	utilities disk to your floppy disk drive, reboot the system	+
-	holding down the SHIFT key, then execute the FDISK, reset the	+
-	"Drive redirection" to D1: and "Boot type" to its previous state,	+
-	write the new partition table, exit the FDISK and reboot the	+
-	system.	+
-	VII. Dual drive configuration	+	===Toshiba===
-	The IDE drive interface is able to handle two IDE devices	+	* Toshiba MK2103MAV: 2,1 GB, 2,5 cala
-	configured as master and slave drives (please refer the drive	+
-	manual to connect it and set up properly). However, some drives,	+
-	when they are configured to work as the slave device, used to	+
-	wait some seconds before they start spinning. For this reason,	+
-	the Interface DOES NOT INITIALIZE the slave drive during power up	+
-	or reset. It would make little sense, because the drive is not	+
-	spinning (i.e. is not ready) at that time. As a result, the slave	+
-	drive remains not initialized, even if the boot process has been	+
-	finished and the system looks to be ready to use.	+
-	If the slave drive have finished the spin-up process, there are	+	===Western Digital===
-	two ways to make it work properly:	+
-	1) assert the ALL RESET command (see next section), or	+
-	2) force the system to read a sector from any partition, that	+
-	have been allocated to the slave drive - if the drive is ready,	+
-	it will be recalibrated automatically.	+
-	Please DO NOT start the operating system from the slave drive	+	* Western Digital WDC 130AB: 30 MB, 2,5 cala
-	partitions.	+	* Western Digital WDC AC2200F: 202MB, 3,5 cala
		+	* Western Digital Caviar 2850: 814 MB, 3,5 cala - z BIOS-em v.1.6 i nowszymi
-	VIII. Software development information	+	==Uwagi==
		+	* Interfejs, jak większość innych tego typu urządzeń, w czystej postaci wymaga "dostrojenia" (układu RC) pod dany egzemplarz komputera, bez czego nie zawsze działa prawidłowo przy przełożeniu z jednego komputera do drugiego. Przyczyną są różnice w parametrach płyt głównych ośmiobitowego Atari (konkretnie w jakości i opóźnieniach sygnału fi2).
-	The IDE drive partitions operate as normal floppy drives or	+	==Zobacz też==
-	ramdisks and can be accessed via OS DISKINT (453) and SIOINT	+
-	(459) routines. All the partitions recognize the following	+
-	commands:	+
-	1) Standard subset	+	* [[KMK/JŻ IDE FDISK|Opis programu FDISK]]
		+	* [[KMK/JŻ IDE FDISK II|Opis programu FDISK II]]
		+	* [[KMK/JŻ IDE FAQ]]
		+	* [[Rejestry KMK/JŻ IDE]]
		+	* [[IDEa]]
		+	* [[IDE Plus]]
-	R - read a sector - this command reads a specified logical sector	+	[[Kategoria:Peryferia 8-bit]]
-	from a specified partition. It reads ALWAYS THE WHOLE LOGICAL	+
-	SECTOR, i.e. 256 or 512 bytes, according to the current mode and	+
-	regardless of the DBYT value. The sector number is a 24-bit	+
-	value, the most significant byte (now called DAUX3) is located at	+
-	307 (this byte was unused by the XL OS). Sector numbers less	+
-	than 00001 or greater than maximum sector number for the	+
-	specified partition are invalid and will cause the error 144.	+
-		+
-	P - put a sector - writes data to a specified logical sector on a	+
-	specified partition. There are the same restrictions, as	+
-	mentioned above. This command will return status 144 when	+
-	attempting to execute on a write-protected partition.	+
-		+
-	W - write a sector - the same, as "P" command.	+
-		+
-	S - read status block - transfers the 4-byte disk status to the	+
-	memory. The bit of the first byte are as follows:	+
-	7 - not used by the hard drive	+
-	6 - write protection enabled	+
-	5 - double density drive (always 1)	+
-	4 - master present (usually 1)	+
-	3 - slave present	+
-	2 - not used by the hard drive	+
-	1 - not used by the hard drive	+
-	0 - not used be the hard drive	+
-	The second byte provides reversed (eor'ed with F) value of the	+
-	IDE controller error register. The bits are as follows:	+
-	7 - BBD - Bad block detected	+
-	6 - ECC - Error correction code (uncorrectable error)	+
-	5 - NUL - unused, always 1	+
-	4 - IDNF - ID not found (target sector could not be found)	+
-	3 - NUL - unused, always 1	+
-	2 - AC - Aborted command	+
-	1 - TK0 - Track 0 error (unable to find a valid track 0)	+
-	0 - DAMNF - Data address mark not found	+
-	The normal (default) value of this byte is F. The next byte has	+
-	a dummy value 0. The last byte of the status block holds the	+
-	number of retries for the software IDE handler in ROM.	+
-		+
-	N - read configuration - reads the 12-byte PERCOM block to the	+
-	memory. The values returned by a partition are as follows:	+
-	0 - number of tracks (always 1)	+
-	1 - revision number (0 = 1.0)	+
-	2 - total number of logical sectors, the middle byte	+
-	3 - total number of logical sectors, the low byte	+
-	4 - total number of logical sectors, the high byte	+
-	5 - additional information:	+
-	bit 3 - IDE hard drive partition (always 1)	+
-	bit 2 - double density drive (always 1)	+
-	bit 1 - 8 inch floppy disk drive (always 0)	+
-	6 - number of bytes per logical sector, high byte	+
-	7 - number of bytes per logical sector, low byte	+
-	8 - unused, always F	+
-	9 - value 9	+
-	10 - value 4	+
-	11 - value 5	+
-	The last three bytes contain an identifier of the hard drive type	+
-	("IDE").	+
-		+
-	2) Specific ones	+
-		+
-	6 - sleep drive - stops the drives and deactivates their	+
-	internal controllers. See ALL RESET command for the DCB variables	+
-	details.	+
-		+
-	7 - all reset - resets, recalibrates and reinitializes both	+
-	hard drives. It is the only way to exit the Sleep mode. This	+
-	command needs the number of any partition stored to the DUNIT	+
-	(301). The master drive must be present while asserting this	+
-	command, otherwise the timeout error will occur.	+
-		+
-	C - identify drive - transfers the 512 bytes of data, that	+
-	specify the drive's parameters. The fields are as follows (F =	+
-	fixed value, V = variable, R = reserved, should be zero):	+
-	0 - vendor specific information, bits are as follows:	+
-	15 - 0, reserved for non-magnetic devices (F)	+
-	14 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	13 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	12 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	11 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	10 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	9 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	8 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	7 - removable media device, if 1 (F)	+
-	6 - removable controller and/or device, if 1 (F)	+
-	5 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	4 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	3 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	2 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	1 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	0 - reserved (R)	+
-	2 - number of cylinders (F)	+
-	4 - reserved (R)	+
-	6 - number of heads (F)	+
-	8 - vendor specific	+
-	10 - vendor specific	+
-	12 - number of sectors per track (F)	+
-	14 - vendor specific	+
-	16 - vendor specific	+
-	18 - vendor specific	+
-	20-39 - serial number, ASCII characters (F)	+
-	40 - vendor specific	+
-	42 - vendor specific	+
-	44 - number of ECC bytes transferred on LONG operations (F)	+
-	46-53 - firmware revision, ASCII characters (F)	+
-	54-93 - controller model number, ASCII characters (F)	+
-	94 - numbers of sectors/interrupt R/W multiples, bits:	+
-	15-8 - vendor specific	+
-	7-0 - 0 = READ/WRITE MULTIPLE not implemented (F)	+
-	1-F = maximum number of sectors that can be	+
-	transferred per interrupt on READ/WRITE MULTIPLE commands (F).	+
-	96 - reserved (R)	+
-	98 - capabilities, bits:	+
-	15 - reserved (R)	+
-	14 - reserved (R)	+
-	13 - 1 = standard standby timer values are supported	+
-	0 = standby timer values are vendor specific (F)	+
-	12 - reserved (R)	+
-	11 - 1 = IORDY supported (F)	+
-	0 = IORDY may be supported (F)	+
-	10 - 1 = IORDY can be disabled (F)	+
-	9 - 1 = LBA supported (F)	+
-	8 - 1 = DMA supported (F)	+
-	7-0 - vendor specific (F)	+
-	100 - reserved (R)	+
-	102 - PIO data transfer cycle timing (F)	+
-	104 - DMA data transfer cycle timing (F)	+
-	106-511 - reserved	+
-	All values are in standard low/high convention. Some parameters	+
-	are defined as a string of ASCII characters. For the string	+
-	"Copyright", the character "C" is the first byte, "o" is the	+
-	second byte etc. When such fields are transferred, the order of	+
-	transmission is:	+
-	- the 1st character ("C") is on bits 15 through 8 of the 1st word	+
-	- the 2nd character ("o") is on bits 7 through 0 of the 1st word	+
-	- the 3rd character ("p") is on bits 15 through 8 of the 2nd word	+
-	- the 4th character ("y") is on bits 7 through 0 of the 2nd word	+
-	etc.	+
-	Note, that the DMA transfers, although may be supported by the	+
-	drive itself, may not be supported by the current version of the	+
-	interface's hardware. Please also refer the SLEEP DRIVE command	+
-	to get an information about the DCB variables.	+
-		+
-	E - force media change - forces the interface to re-read the	+
-	partition table from the drive.	+
-		+
-	All other commands will cause error 139 (negative acknowledge).	+
-	Note, that the software does not provide a FORMAT DISK command -	+
-	it hasn't been implemented to prevent an accidental data damage.	+
-	The drive must be formatted using a separated program.	+
-		+
-	Operating system developers should note, that the internal	+
-	software of the IDE Interface changes the DUNIT (301) to the	+
-	BOOT partition number during boot up.	+
-		+
-	IX. Memory usage	+
-		+
-	The Interface's internal software uses the following RAM	+
-	locations: 1 and 4-C. The PDVMSK (247), PDVRS (248) and	+
-	DCB variables (especially DAUX3 307) should be used only in	+
-	their proper functions (please DO NOT use them as temporary data	+
-	registers!). The 400-6FF area should also remain intact	+
-	during the cold boot.	+
-		+
-	X. Error messages	+
-		+
-	You can get the following error reports from the IDE drive:	+
-		+
-	138 - Timeout error - attempting to read or write data to a	+
-	partition, that is physically allocated to the slave drive, while	+
-	the slave drive is busy, not ready or does not exist at all; or	+
-	attempting to assert the ALL RESET command, while the master	+
-	drive is not present. It may occur, if you accidentally	+
-	disconnect the master drive or disconnect the slave drive without	+
-	reconfiguring your system. It may also indicate a damaged	+
-	partition table - please reboot your system. If this action	+
-	doesn't cause any effect, you must use the FDISK to repair the	+
-	partition table. See also section VII. - "Dual drive	+
-	configuration".	+
-		+
-	139 - Invalid command	+
-		+
-	144 - Device done error:	+
-	1) the software attempted to write data to a write-protected	+
-	partition.	+
-	2) the software attempted to read or write data outside of the	+
-	limits, those are valid for the partition.	+
-	3) there is a bad sector on the partition. Please assert the "S"	+
-	command to get the value of the internal IDE error register.	+
-	4) the interface's software is unable to handle your drive.	+
-	Please run the FDISK and select the "Surface test" from the main	+
-	menu. If the test fails and you know, that your drive is in good	+
-	condition (no bad blocks) for sure, please assert the IDENTIFY	+
-	DRIVE command (from a BASIC, for example), copy the buffer to a	+
-	file and send the file to us.	+
-		+
-	Konrad M.Kokoszkiewicz (KMK)	+
-	E-mail: conradus@plearn.edu.pl	+
-		+
-	** Ea natura multitudinis est:	+
-	** aut servit humiliter, aut superbe dominatur. (Livius)	+
-	********************************************************	+
-		+
-	</pre>	+

---

Aktualna wersja

Interfejs IDE, znany także jako "KMK/JŻ". Opracowany w roku 1995 przez Jacka Żuka (hardware) oraz KMK (software) interfejs równoległy przeznaczony do podłączania napędów IDE/AT-BUS do komputerów serii XE.

Klonem tego interfejsu jest IDEa. Natomiast nowszą wersją, jaka pojawiła się w roku 2011, jest IDE Plus.

Spis treści 1 Informacje ogólne 2 Lista dysków 2.1 Conner Peripherals 2.2 Fujitsu 2.3 Hitachi 2.4 IBM 2.5 Kingston 2.6 Maxtor 2.7 Quantum 2.8 Samsung 2.9 Seagate 2.10 Toshiba 2.11 Western Digital 3 Uwagi 4 Zobacz też

Informacje ogólne

Interfejs wykorzystuje istniejący w systemie operacyjnym mechanizm tzw. nowych urządzeń. W związku z tym zastosowanie interfejsu nie wymaga w żaden sposób ingerencji w kod systemu operacyjnego.

Wewnętrzne oprogramowanie interfejsu pozwala na zaadresowanie dysków o pojemności do 8 GB (16777216 sektorów po 512 bajtów). Dysk można podzielić na 16 partycji o łącznej pojemności 8 GB (może to być 1 partycja o rozmiarze 8 GB). Jednak, ponieważ większość DOS-ów (oprócz SpartaDOS X 4.39) normalnie nie pracuje z sektorem o wielkości 512 bajtów, sterownik interfejsu ma dwa tryby pracy:

• tryb "rzeczywisty", w którym transmitowane są sektory 512-bajtowe
• tryb "emulacji", w którym 1 sektor 512-bajtowy wykorzystywany jest do zapisania dwóch sektorów 256-bajtowych

W trybie rzeczywistym szybkość odczytu i zapisu waha się w granicach od 50 do 80 kilobajtów na sekundę. Wahania te zależą od rodzaju zastosowanego napędu, a także od kolejności odczytu sektorów - sekwencyjny odczyt kolejnych sektorów jest tu najszybszy. Tryb ten jest możliwy do wykorzystania pod SpartaDOS X v.4.39 i nowszymi.

Tryb emulacji charakteryzuje się ok. dwukrotnie mniejszą szybkością odczytu niż tryb rzeczywisty oraz czterokrotnie mniejszą szybkością zapisu. To ostatnie wynika z faktu, że dwa sektory 256-bajtowe zapisywane są w jednym sektorze 512-bajtowym. Wyniki testu szybkości przeprowadzonego programem RW-Test działającym pod SpartaDOS X, tryb emulacji:

• DOS writing: 8713.666 B/sek.
• DOS reading: 36714.887 B/sek.
• DOS average: 22714.276 B/sek.

Co ciekawe, szybkość zapisu bardzo zależy od zastosowanego napędu. Np. na dysku Toshiba MK2103MAV pomiarowa szybkość zapisu (pod tym samym DOS-em) to 12 kB/s, a karty CF są jeszcze nieco szybsze. Poniżej wyniki testu przykładowej karty CF (Kingston 256MB):

• DOS writing: 14269.1046 B/sek.
• DOS reading: 41892.6276 B/sek.
• DOS average: 28080.8661 B/sek.

Od wersji sterownika 1.8 tryb emulacji podzielony jest na "podtryby":

• pierwotny, emulujący gęstość DD (256 bajtów na sektor)
• nowy, emulujący gęstość ED (128 bajtów na sektor).

Przełączenie następuje automatycznie. Ta zmiana została wprowadzona celem poprawienia kompatybilności z programami całodyskowymi i uruchamiania ich z przeznaczonej do tego partycji.

Oprogramowanie interfejsu pozwala na start systemu z dowolnej partycji, co jest teoretycznie niemożliwe w XL OS. Sterownik interfejsu ucieka się w związku z tym do pewnego triku, który zapobiega przestawieniu numeru dysku startowego na D1:.

Interfejs niestety nie jest przelotowy - aczkolwiek na płytce jest miejsce przeznaczone na wlutowanie gniazda cardridge'a.

Lista dysków

Interfejs współpracuje ze wszystkimi znanymi (autorom) modelami twardych dysków oraz z kartami CF. Oto lista twardych dysków i kart CF, które działają z całą pewnością:

Conner Peripherals

• Conner CP-3000: 40 MB, 3,5 cala
• Conner CP-2088: 80 MB, 2,5 cala
• Conner CP-30254H: 240 MB, 3,5 cala
• Conner CFS-1621A: 1,5 GB, 3,5 cala

Fujitsu

• Fujitsu MPC 3043AT: 4,3GB, 3,5 cala

Hitachi

• Hitachi DK238A-43: 4,3 GB, 2,5 cala

IBM

• IBM DBOA 2540: 517 MB, 2,5 cala

Kingston

• Kingston 256 MB (CF Orange Label): TOSHIBATHNCF256MPG
• Kingston 512 MB (CF Elite Pro Blue Label): SAMSUNG512-S 3.3V

Maxtor

• Maxtor 7245AT: 240 MB, 3,5 cala
• Maxtor 7345AT: 340 MB, 3,5 cala
• Maxtor 91366U4: 13 GB, 3,5 cala
• Maxtor 6YL080L0: 81 GB, 3,5 cala
• Maxtor 6YL120L0: 122 GB, 3,5 cala

Quantum

• Quantum LPS170A: 163 MB, 3,5 cala
• Quantum Fireball 1080AT: 1 GB, 3,5 cala
• Quantum Fireball 1280AT: 1,3 GB, 3,5 cala
• Quantum Fireball EL: 4,9 GB, 3,5 cala

Samsung

• Samsung SV0643D: 6 GB, 3,5 cala

Seagate

• Seagate ST-157A: 40 MB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-1102A: 81 MB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-9190AG: 164 MB, 2,5 cala
• Seagate ST-3290A: 261 MB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-3660A: 540 MB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-3630A: 631 MB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-3850A: 810 MB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-31276A: 1,2 GB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-32122A: 2 GB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-33232A: 3 GB, 3,5 cala
• Seagate ST-340016A: 40 GB, 3,5 cala

Toshiba

• Toshiba MK2103MAV: 2,1 GB, 2,5 cala

Western Digital

• Western Digital WDC 130AB: 30 MB, 2,5 cala
• Western Digital WDC AC2200F: 202MB, 3,5 cala
• Western Digital Caviar 2850: 814 MB, 3,5 cala - z BIOS-em v.1.6 i nowszymi

Uwagi

• Interfejs, jak większość innych tego typu urządzeń, w czystej postaci wymaga "dostrojenia" (układu RC) pod dany egzemplarz komputera, bez czego nie zawsze działa prawidłowo przy przełożeniu z jednego komputera do drugiego. Przyczyną są różnice w parametrach płyt głównych ośmiobitowego Atari (konkretnie w jakości i opóźnieniach sygnału fi2).

Zobacz też

• Opis programu FDISK
• Opis programu FDISK II
• KMK/JŻ IDE FAQ
• Rejestry KMK/JŻ IDE
• IDEa
• IDE Plus